Flower-Visiting Insects
of Blue Vervain
Verbena hastata (Blue Vervain)
(Bees usually suck nectar, but sometimes collect pollen; flies and beetles usually suck nectar, but sometimes feed on pollen; other insects usually suck nectar, although plant bugs may feed on floral tissue. Observations are from Robertson, Reed, Graenicher, Krombein et al., Conger, Swengel & Swengel, Wilhelm & Rericha, and Rightmyer as indicated below.)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apini): Apis mellifera sn fq (Rb, Re, WR); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus auricomus sn (Rb), Bombus bimaculatus (Re, WR), Bombus griseocollis (Re), Bombus impatiens sn cp (Rb, WR), Bombus pensylvanicus sn fq (Rb), Bombus vagans (Re, WR), Psithyrus citrinus sn (Rb, WR); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina sp. (Re), Ceratina calcarata (WR), Ceratina dupla dupla sn (Rb, Cng, WR), Ceratina mikmaqi (WR), Ceratina strenua (WR); Anthophoridae (Epeolini): Epeolus bifasciatus sn fq (Rb, WR), Triepeolus concavus sn (Rb), Triepeolus cressonii cressonii sn (Rb), Triepeolus helianthi helianthi sn (Rb), Triepeolus lunatus concolor sn (Rb), Triepeolus lunatus lunatus sn (Rb, WR, Rtm), Triepeolus pectoralis sn (Rb), Triepeolus remigatus sn (Rb), Triepeolus simplex sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes agilis sn (Rb), Melissodes bimaculata bimaculata sn (Rb, WR), Melissodes coloradensis sn (Rb), Melissodes comptoides sn (Rb), Melissodes denticulata sn (WR), Melissodes dentiventris sn (Rb), Melissodes druriella (WR), Melissodes nivea sn (Rb), Melissodes rustica sn fq (Rb), Melissodes trinodis sn fq (Rb, Re), Svastra atripes atripes sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Nomadini): Nomada vegana sn (WR); Megachilidae (Coelioxini): Coelioxys modesta sn (WR), Coelioxys octodentata sn fq (Rb), Coelioxys sayi sn fq (Rb); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile brevis (Re, WR), Megachile campanulae (WR), Megachile latimanus sn (Rb, Cng), Megachile mendica (WR), Megachile rotundata (WR)
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon sericeus sn (Rb, Re, Cng, WR), Augochlora pura (WR), Augochlorella striata sn fq (Rb, Re), Augochloropsis metallica metallica sn (Rb), Augochloropsis sumptuosa (WR), Halictus confusus sn fq (Rb, Re, WR), Halictus ligatus sn (Rb, Re, WR), Halictus rubicundus sn (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum atwoodi (WR), Lasioglossum coriaceum sn (Rb, WR), Lasioglossum nelumbonis sn (WR), Lasioglossum obscurum (WR), Lasioglossum pruinosum sn (Rb), Lasioglossum versatum (WR), Lasioglossum zephyrum sn (Rb, WR); Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus affinis (WR), Hylaeus fedorica (WR); Andrenidae (Panurginae): Calliopsis andreniformis sn cp (Rb, Kr), Calliopsis nebraskensis cp olg (Kr, WR), Calliopsis verbenae sn cp fq olg (Rb)
Wasps
Sphecidae (Bembicinae): Bembix nubilipennis sn (Rb), Microbembex monodonta sn (Cng); Sphecidae (Crabroninae): Ectemnius lapidarius sn (WR); Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Ammophila nigricans sn (Rb), Ammophila pictipennis sn (Rb), Ammophila procera sn (Rb), Eremnophila aureonotata sn fq icp (Rb), Isodontia philadelphica sn (WR), Prionyx atratus sn (Rb), Sphex ichneumoneus sn (Rb); Scoliidae: Scolia bicincta sn (Rb); Vespidae (Eumeninae): Ancistrocerus adiabatus sn (WR), Euodynerus foraminatus sn (Cng); Vespidae (Vespinae): Dolichovespula maculata sn (Rb)
Flies
Syrphidae: Allograpta obliqua (Cng), Eristalis anthophorina (WR), Eristalis stipator (WR), Helophilus latifrons (Cng), Sphaerophoria contiqua (Re, Cng), Syritta pipiens (Cng), Toxomerus marginatus (WR), Tropidia quadrata (Cng); Bombyliidae: Exoprosopa decora (Gr), Exoprosopa fasciata (Rb, Gr) fq, Exoprosopa fascipennis (Rb), Lepidophora lepidocera (WR), Rhynchanthrax parvicornis (Gr), Sparnopolius confusus (Rb), Systoechus vulgaris sn fq (Rb, Gr), Systropus macer fq (Rb), Tmemophlebia cyanoceps (Cng), Villa alternata (Gr); Conopidae: Physocephala texana sn fq (Rb), Physocephala tibialis sn (Rb), Stylogaster biannulata sn fq (Rb); Tachinidae: Archytas analis sn (Rb); Sarcophagidae: Ravinia derelicta (Rb); Calliphoridae: Lucilia sp. (Re)
Butterflies
Pieridae: Colias philodice sn (Rb), Pontia protodice sn (Rb); Lycaenidae: Lycaeides melissa samuelis sn (Cng, Sw)
Skippers
Hesperiidae: Ancyloxypha numitor sn (Rb, WR), Epargyreus clarus sn (Rb, Cng, WR), Erynnis horatius sn (WR), Euphyes conspicua sn (WR), Hylephila phyleus sn (WR), Pholisora catullus sn (Rb), Pyrgus communis sn (WR)
Moths
Ctenuchidae: Cisseps fulvicollis sn (Rb); Noctuidae: Spragueia onagrus sn (Cng); Yponomeutidae: Atteva punctella sn (WR)
Beetles
Cantharidae: Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus fq (Rb)
Plant Bugs
Miridae: Adelphocoris rapidus (Rb), Lygus lineolaris (WR), Plagiognathus politus (WR); Phymatidae: Phymata americana prd np (WR)