Flower-Visiting Insects
of Stiff Goldenrod


Solidago rigida (Stiff Goldenrod)
(This plant is also referred to as Oligoneuron rigidum. Bees suck nectar and/or collect pollen, flies and beetles feed on nectar or pollen, other insects suck nectar. Observations are from Robertson, Reed, Evans, Petersen, Moure & Hurd, Hilty, Krombein et al., Williams, Stevens, Wilhelm & Rericha, O'Brien, and Rightmyer as indicated below.)

Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apini):
Apis mellifera sn (Rb, Ev, Re, WR); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus affinis (Re), Bombus auricomus (Re), Bombus bimaculatus (Ev, Pt), Bombus griseocollis (Re), Bombus impatiens sn cp (Rb, Ev, Re, WR), Bombus pensylvanicus sn fq (Rb), Bombus vagans (Re), Psithyrus ashtoni sn (Re), Psithyrus citrinus sn (WR), Psithyrus variabilis sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina dupla (Ev); Anthophoridae (Epeolini): Triepeolus micropygius sn (Rtm); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes dentiventris sn cp fq (Rb, Re), Melissodes druriella cp olg (WR), Melissodes illata (Re), Melissodes nivea sn (Rb), Melissodes rustica (Re), Melissodes trinodis (WR), Svastra obliqua sn cp (Rb); Anthophoridae (Xylocopini): Xylocopa virginica (H, WR); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile brevis sn cp (Rb), Megachile latimanus sn (Rb, Re, Stv), Megachile mendica (Ev, WR), Megachile relativa (Re, Stv); Megachilidae (Trypetini): Heriades variolosus (Kr)

Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Doufoureinae): Doufourea marginata (MH); Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon virescens (Ev), Augochlorella aurata (WR), Augochlorella persimilis (WR), Augochlorella striata (Re), Halictus confusus (Re), Halictus ligatus (Re, WR), Halictus rubicundus (Ev, MH), Lasioglossum sp. (Re), Lasioglossum apocyni (WR), Lasioglossum coriaceum (Re), Lasioglossum pectorale (Ev), Lasioglossum pilosum (Ev, Re), Lasioglossum rohweri (Re), Lasioglossum versatum sn (Rb, WR); Halictidae (Nomiinae): Nomia nortoni nortoni (MH, Kr), Nomia triangulifera (MH); Halictidae (Sphecodini): Sphecodes sp. sn (Re); Colletidae (Colletinae): Colletes americana sn cp (Rb), Colletes compactus sn (Rb), Colletes simulans armata cp olg (Ev, Re); Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus affinis (Ev), Hylaeus mesillae (Re); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena sp. (Re), Andrena asteris (Re, Kr), Andrena helianthi (Re, Kr), Andrena hirticincta cp olg (Re), Andrena nubecula cp olg (Re, WR), Andrena placata cp olg (Re), Andrena simplex cp olg (Re, Kr, WR); Andrenidae (Panurginae): Calliopsis coloradensis (Kr), Heterosarus nebrascensis (Re), Pseudopanurgus andrenoides cp olg (WR)

Wasps
Sphecidae (Crabroninae): Ectemnius rufifemur sn (Rb), Lestica confluenta sn (Rb); Sphecidae (Philanthinae): Cerceris compacta sn (Rb), Cerceris prominens sn (Rb), Philanthus ventilabris sn (Re); Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Ammophila kennedyi sn (OB), Ammophila procera sn (Rb), Ammophila urnaria sn (Re), Prionyx atratus sn (Rb), Prionyx thomae sn (Rb), Sphex ichneumoneus sn (Re, WR), Sphex pensylvanicus sn (Re); Tiphiidae: Myzinum quinquecinctum sn (Re); Vespidae (Eumeninae): Ancistrocerus adiabatus sn fq (Rb, WR), Ancistrocerus antilope sn (Rb), Ancistrocerus catskill sn (Re), Euodynerus annulatus sn (Rb), Euodynerus foraminatus sn (Rb, Re, WR), Leionotus scrophulariae sn (Rb–MS); 
Vespidae (Polistinae): Polistes annularis sn (Rb), Polistes dominula sn (WR), Polistes fuscatus sn (Rb, Re, WR); Vespidae (Vespinae): Dolicovespula maculata sn (WR), Vespula maculifrons sn (WR); Pompilidae: Ageniella conflicta sn (Rb); Ichneumonidae: Ceratogastra ornata sn (Re)

Ants
Formicidae (Dolichoderinae): Dolichoderus mariae sn np (WR), Tapinoma sessile sn np (WR); Formicidae (Formicinae): Formica montana sn np (WR)

Flies
Syrphidae: Eristalis barda (Re), Eristalis dimidiata (Re), Eristalis stipator (Re), Eristalis tenax (Re), Eristalis transversa (WR), Helophilus fasciatus (Re), Paragus bicolor sn (Rb), Paragus tibialis fp np (Rb), Sphaerophoria sp. (Re), Sphaerophoria contiqua sn (Rb), Spilomyia longicornis (WR), Syritta sp. (Re), Syritta pipiens sn (Rb), Toxomerus geminatus (Re), Toxomerus marginatus (Re, WR); Bombyliidae: Sparnopolius confusus sn fq (Rb); Conopidae: Stylogaster biannulata sn (Rb); Tachinidae: Cylindromyia binotata sn (Re), Gymnoclytia occidua sn (Rb), Linnaemya comta sn (Rb), Spallanzania hesperidarum sn (Rb); Sarcophagidae: Amobia aurifrons sn (Rb), Ravinia anxia sn (Rb); Calliphoridae: Cochliomyia macellaria sn (Rb); Muscidae: Neomyia cornicina sn (Rb)

Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Danaus plexippus sn (H, Re), Junonia coenia sn (H, WR), Limenitis archippus sn (Rb), Phyciodes tharos sn (WR); Lycaenidae: Everes comyntas sn (Rb, WR), Lycaena phlaeas americana sn (Rb); Pieridae: Colias sp. sn (Re), Colias eurytheme sn (H), Pieris rapae sn (H)

Skippers
Hesperiidae: Erynnis horatius sn (WR), Polites origenes sn (H), Polites peckius sn (Rb, H)

Moths
Ctenuchidae: Cisseps fulvicollis sn (H, Re); Noctuidae: Caenurgina erechtea sn (Rb), Helicoverpa zea sn (H); Yponomeutidae: Atteva punctella sn (WR)

Beetles
Cantharidae: Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus sn fp fq (Rb, H, Re, Wms, WR); Cerambycidae: Megacyllene robiniae (Re); Chrysomelidae: Anomoea laticlavia sn (WR), Diabrotica sp. (Re), Diabrotica cristata (WR), Diabrotica longicornis fp fq np (Rb), Diabrotica undecimpunctata fp np (Rb), Luperaltica nigripalpis (Re, WR); Meloidae: Epicauta pennsylvanica fp fq np (Rb, Re, WR); Phalacridae: Olibrus semistriatus (WR)

Plant Bugs
Miridae: Adelphocoris lineolatus (Re), Lygus lineolaris fq (WR); Pentatomidae: Euschistus sp. (Re); Phymatidae: Phymata pennsylvanica prd (Re); Reduviidae: Sinea diadema prd (Re)

Sucking Insects
Dictyopharidae: Scolops sp. (Re)


Return