Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Amaranthus retroflexus (Rough Pigweed) [Amaranthaceae]
(observations are from Lewis, Havera, and Myers et al.)
Birds
Anatidae: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) [feeds on seeds in Illinois] Hv1999; Columbidae: Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove) [seeds of major importance as a source of food] Lws1993
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [2% of deer droppings contained viable seeds of this plant in New York] Myr2004