Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Populus nigra (Black Poplar) [Salicaceae]
(this observation is from Homan et al.)
Birds
Icteridae: Quiscalus quiscula (Common Grackle) [this tree was used 2.8% of the time as a nest site in North Dakota and it had above-average preference for this purpose] Hmn1996