Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Rhamnus cathartica (Common Buckthorn) [Rhamnaceae]
(observations are from Bielefeldt & Rosenfeld and Myers et al.)
Birds
Parulidae: Setophaga citrina (Hooded Warbler) [this shrub was used as a support for 20.8% of all nests in Wisconsin] BfRf2001
Mammals
Cervidae: Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) [2% of deer droppings contained viable seeds of this shrub in New York] Myr2004