Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Salix nigra (Black Willow) [Salicaceae]
(observations are from DeGraaf)
Birds
Fringillidae: Acanthis flammea (Common Redpoll) [uses this tree for protective cover & nesting habitat] DGr2002, Coccothraustes vespertinus (Evening Grosbeak) [feeds on buds] DGr2002, Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak) [buds are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Phasianidae: Bonasa umbellus (Ruffed Grouse) [buds & young shoots are a preferred source of food] DGr2002; Picidae: Melanerpes carolinus (Red-bellied Woodpecker) [uses this tree for protective cover & nesting habitat] DGr2002