Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Schoenoplectus acutus (Hardstem Bulrush) [Cyperaceae]
(observations are from Bellrose and Anderson; Scirpus acutus is a scientific synonym of this plant)
Birds
Anatidae: Anas acuta (Northern Pintail) [feeds on seeds] Blr1942, Anas strepera (Gadwall) [feeds on seeds, the seeds comprise 1% of the diet in Illinois] Blr1942 And1959, Aythya collaris (Ring-necked Duck) [the seeds comprise less than 1% of the diet in Illinois] And1959