____________


Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:

____________


Syringa vulgaris
(Common Lilac) [Oleaceae]
(observations are from Homan et al. and DeVore et al.)

Birds

Fringillidae: Acanthis flammea (Common Redpoll) [feeds on the buds] Dv2004; Icteridae: Quiscalus quiscula (Common Grackle) [this shrub was used 4.3% of the time as a nest site in North Dakota and it had average preference for this purpose] Hmn1996
________________________________________________________________________