Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
____________
Tsuga spp. (Hemlock) [Pinaceae]
(this observation is from Martin et al.; this includes Tsuga canadensis, i.e. Eastern Hemlock)
Birds
Fringillidae: Loxia curvirostra (Red Crossbill) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in the USA during winter] MZN1951