Relationships of
Vertebrate Animals
to this Plant:
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Ulmus rubra (Slippery Elm) [Ulmaceae]
(observations are from Schorger, Mager & Nelson, and Best)
Birds
Columbidae: Ectopistes migratorius (Passenger Pigeon) [seeds of this & other elms were often used as a source of food] Sch1955; Emberizidae: Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow) [8.5% of nests were supported by saplings of this tree in Illinois] Bst1978
Mammals
Vespertilionidae: Lasiurus borealis (Eastern Red Bat) [larger slippery elms provide 1.5% of summer roost trees in an urban environment of Illinois during the summer with below-average preference] MN2001