Insects Feeding
on these Plants:
____________
Salix spp. (Willows) [Salicaceae]
(Observations are from Hart & Gleason, Vestal, Milne & Milne, DeLong, Arnett & Jacques, Stannard, Dmitriev & Dietrich, Barnes, Clark et al., Microlep website, Knight, Yanega, Hottes & Frison, Rider, Wagner, Thomas, Marshall, Bouseman & Sternburg, Bouseman et al., Covell, MacRae, Felt, Cranshaw)
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Buprestidae: Agrilus obsoletoguttatus [larvae bore through wood of dead trees] Mcr1991, Agrilus politus (Common Willow Agrilus) [larvae bore through stems] Crw2004, Chrysobothris femorata (Flat-Headed Apple Tree Borer) AJ1981, Descarpentriesina cyanipes (Eastern Poplar Buprestid) Msh2006, Descarpentriesina thureura Mcr1991; Cerambycidae: Gracilia minuta [larvae bore through dead branches] Ya1996, Knulliana cincta cincta [larvae bore through dry dead branches] Ya1996, Oberea caseyi [oligophagous] Ya1996, Oberea schaumi (Cottonwood Twig Borer) MM1980, Parandra brunnea (Aberrant Wood Borer) Crw2004, Plectrodera scalator (Cottonwood Borer) [larvae bore into bark at base of trunks] Vst1913 Ya1996, Pogonocherus parvulus Ya1996, Saperda calcarata (Poplar Borer) [larvae bore into wood of live & dying trees] Msh2006 Ya1996, Saperda inornata (Poplar Gall Saperda) [forms small galls on branches of living trees] Ya1996, Saperda mutica [larvae bore into wood of dead shrubs] Ya1996, Saperda populnea moesta (Eastern Gall Saperda) [forms small galls on branches of living trees] Ya1996, Xylotrechus annosus annosus [larvae bore through wood of dead & dying shrubs] Ya1996; Chrysomelidae: Altica bimarginata Clk2004, Altica foliacea (Apple Flea Beetle) [adults & larvae feed on foliage] Crw2004, Calligrapha multipunctata Clk2004 Msh2006, Chrysomela interrupta Vst1913, Chrysomela knabi (American Willow Leaf Beetle) [= early references of Chrysomela lapponica] HG1907 MM1980, Chrysomela scripta (Cottonwood Leaf Beetle) HG1907 Msh2006 Vst1913, Crepidodera browni Clk2004, Crepidodera decora Clk2004, Crepidodera digna Clk2004, Crepidodera longula Clk2004, Crepidodera luminosa Clk2004, Cryptocephalus leuteolus Clk2004, Disconycha alternata (Striped Willow Flea Beetle) Clk2004 HG1907 Msh2006 Vst1913, Disonycha pensylvanica [feeds on buds during spring] HG1907 Vst1913, Disonycha pluriligata Clk2004, Gonioctena notmani Clk2004, Metachroma angustulum Clk2004 HG1907 Vst1913 Clk2004, Pachybrachis bivittatus [larvae feed on dead & dying leaves] Clk2004, Paria quadriguttata [willows are preferred host plants] Clk2004, Plagiodera versicolora (Imported Willow Leaf Beetle) [larvae skeletonize leaves] Msh2006, Zeugophora puberula Clk2004, Zeugophora scutellaris Clk2004; Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Poplar & Willow Borer) [larvae bore through bark, adults are found on twigs] Crw2004 Msh2006, Polydrusus impressifrons (Pale Green Weevil) [introduced into N. America from Europe] Msh2006, Rhynchaenus rufipes (Willow Flea Weevil) [syn. Rynchaenus rufipes, adults feed on leaves, larvae mine leaves] Crw2004 Msh2006
Diptera (Flies)
Cecidomyiidae: Asphondylia salictaria [larvae found on twigs] Flt1907, Dasineura salicifolia [larvae form galls on leaves] Flt1907, Rhabdophaga strobiloides (Willow Conegall Midge) [larvae form large conical galls on tips of branches] Crw2004 Msh2006
Heteroptera (True Bugs)
Miridae: Atractotomus rubidus Kn1941, Ceratocapsus incisus [polyphagous] Kn1941, Ceratocapsus pumila [polyphagous] Kn1941, Lopidea salicis (Willow Plant Bug) [oligophagous] MM1980, Lygocoris atritylus Kn1941, Monosynamma bohemanni Kn1941, Orthotylus dorsalis Kn1941, Orthotylus rossi Kn1941, Pilophorus brunneus Kn1941; Pentatomidae: Brochymena quadripustulata (Four-Humped Stink Bug) [polyphagous] Rid2009, Chlorochroa uhleri [polyphagous] Rid2009, Parabrochymena arborea [polyphagous] Rid2009; Tingidae: Physatocheila plexus Msh2006
Homoptera (Sucking Insects)
Aphididae: Aphis farinosa HF1931 Th1877, Aphis salicariae (Willow Aphid) [willow is a winter host] AJ1981, Cavariella aegopodii (Carrot-Willow Aphid) [willows are winter hosts] Crw2004 HF1931, Chaitophorus viminalis (Small Black & Green Willow Aphid) Crw2004 MM1980, Fullawaya flocculosa HF1931, Fullawaya terricola HF1931, Macrosiphum californica HF1931, Pterocomma populifoliae HF1931, Pterocomma smithiae HF1931, Rhodobium porosus HF1931, Tuberolachnus salignus (Giant Willow Aphid) Crw2004 HF1931 Msh2006; Cicadellidae: Davisonia americana Dlg1948, Davisonia major Dlg1948, Empoasca andresia DD2010, Empoasca fabae [polyphagous] DD2010, Eratoneura macra DD2010, Erythridula rufostigmosa DD2010, Erythroneura rosa DD2010, Graphocephala hieroglyphica Dlg1948, Idiocerus alternatus Dlg1948, Idiocerus nervatus Dlg1948, Idiocerus pallidus Dlg1948, Idiocerus ramentosus Dlg1948, Kybos albolinea DD2010, Kybos patula DD2010
Hymenoptera (Bees, Wasps, & Sawflies)
Cimbicidae: Cimbex americana (Elm Sawfly) Msh2006; Tenthredinidae: Euura spp. [form galls on twigs & stems] Crw2004, Nematus calais Msh2006, Nematus ventralis (Willow Sawfly) Msh2006, Pontania proxima (Willow Redgall Sawfly) [forms reddish bean-shaped galls] Crw2004, Pontania s-pomum (Willow Gall Sawfly) [forms yellow or red round galls] Crw2004, Trichiocampus viminalis (Hairy Poplar Sawfly) Crw2004
Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Skippers, & Moths)
Arctiidae: Halysidota tessellaris (Banded Tussock Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Haploa clymene (Clymene Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Hypercompe scribonia (Giant Leopard Moth) [syn. Ecpantheria scribonia, polyphagous] Cv2005 Wg2005; Geometridae: Cabera erythemaria (Yellow-Dusted Cream Moth) Cv2005 Wg2005, Eupithecia miserulata (Common Pug) [polyphagous, larvae feed on flowers] Cv2005 Wg2005, Lobophora nivigerata (Powdered Bigwig) Cv2005, Pero hubneraria (Hubner's Pero) Cv2005, Pleuroprucha insularia (Common Tan Wave) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Protitame virginalis (Virgin Moth) Wg2005, Sicya macularia (Sharp-Lined Yellow) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Gracillariidae: Micrurapteryx salicifoliella [larvae are blotch leaf-miners] Cv2005 Mic2010 Phyllonorycter scudderella [larvae are tentiform leaf-miners] Mic2010; Hesperiidae: Erynnis icelus (Dreamy Duskywing) Bar1999 Bou2006 Msh2006 Wg2005; Lasiocampidae: Phyllodesma americana (Lappet Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Limacodidae: Euclea delphinii (Spiny Oak Slug) [polyphagous, found in southern IL] Cv2005, Phobetron pithecium (Hag Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Prolimacodes badia (Skiff Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005; Lycaenidae: Satyrium acadicum (Acadian Hairstreak) [found mostly in NE Illinois] BS2001 Msh2006, Satyrium liparops strigosum (Striped Hairstreak) [polyphagous] BS2001; Lymantriidae: Dasychira vagans (Variable Tussock Moth) Msh2006, Lymantria dispar (Gypsy Moth) [intro. into N. America from abroad, polyphagous] Cv2005; Noctuidae: Acronicta americana (American Dagger Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Acronicta connecta (Connected Dagger Moth) Cv2005 Wg2005, Acronicta dactylina (Fingered Dagger Moth) Cv2005, Acronicta lepusculina (Cottonwood Dagger Moth) Cv2005 Wg2005, Acronicta oblinita (Smeared Dagger Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Catocala amatrix (The Sweetheart) Cv2005, Catocala briseis (Briseis Underwing) Cv2005, Catocala cara (Darling Underwing) Cv2005, Catocala concumbens (Sleepy Underwing) Cv2005 Msh2006, Catocala junctura (Joined Underwing) Cv2005, Catocala parta (Mother Underwing) Cv2005, Catocala relicta (White Underwing) Cv2005 Wg2005, Catocala unijuga (Once-Married Underwing) Cv2005, Euplexia benesimilis (American Angle Shades) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Harrisimemna trisignata (Harris' Three-Spot) [polyphagous] Wg2005, Melanchra assimilis (Black Arches) [larvae often feed on flowers, polyphagous] Wg2005, Melanchra picta (Zebra Caterpillar) [larvae feed on leaves, polyphagous] Wg2005, Nycteola frigidana (Frigid Owlet) Cv2005, Oligia illocata (Wandering Brocade) Cv2005, Panopoda carneicosta (Brown Panopoda) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Pyrrhia exprimens (Purple-Lined Sallow) [larvae prefer to feed on flowers, buds, & fruit; polyphagous] Wg2005, Raphia frater (The Brother) Cv2005 Wg2005, Scoliopteryx libatrix (The Herald) Cv2005, Wg2005; Notodontidae: Clostera albosigma (Sigmoid Prominent) Cv2005, Clostera apicalis (Toothed Clostera) Wg2005, Clostera inclusa (Angle-Lined Prominent) Cv2005, Furcula cinerea (Gray Furcula) Cv2005, Furcula occidentalis (Western Furcula) Wg2005, Notodonta scitipennis (Fanned Willow Prominent) Msh2006, Pheosia rimosa (Black-Rimmed Prominent) [found in northern IL] Cv2005 Msh2006 Wg2005, Schizura concinna (Red-Humped Caterpillar) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Schizura unicornis (Unicorn Caterpillar) [polyphagous] Wg2005; Nymphalidae: Limenitis archippus (Viceroy) [preferred host plants] AJ1981 Bar1999 BS2001 Crw2004 Msh2006 Wg2005, Limenitis arthemis astyanax (Red-Spotted Purple) [larvae feed on leaves] AJ1981 Bar1999 BS2001, Nymphalis antiopa (Mourning Cloak) Bar1999 BS2001 Crw2004 Msh2006 Wg2005, Nymphalis vau-album j-album (Compton Tortoiseshell) [found in N Illinois] BS2001; Pyralidae: Nephopterix basilaris Msh2006; Saturniidae: Actias luna (Luna Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005, Automeris io (Io Moth) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Wg2005, Hemileuca nevadensis (Nevada Buck Moth) [found west of IL] Cv2005, Hyalophora cecropia (Cecropia Moth) [polyphagous] Crw2004 Cv2005 Wg2005; Sesiidae: Paranthrene tabaniformis [larvae bore into branches] Msh2006; Sphingidae: Pachysphinx modesta (Big Poplar Sphinx) Cv2005 Msh2006 Wg2005, Paonias myops (Small-Eyed Sphinx) Cv2005 Msh2006, Smerinthus cerisyi (One-Eyed Sphinx) Cv2005 Msh2006 Wg2005, Smerinthus jamaicensis (Twin-Spotted Sphinx) [polyphagous] Cv2005 Wg2005, Sphinx gordius (Gordian Sphinx) Wg2005; Tortricidae: Archips purpurana [polyphagous] Cv2005, Sparganothis sulfureana (Sparganothis Leafroller) Crw2004
Orthoptera (Grasshoppers)
Tettigoniidae: Microcentrum retinervis (Angular-Winged Katydid) [polyphagous] MM1980
Thysanoptera (Thrips)
Thripidae: Mycterothrips betulae [feeds on leaves] St1968, Pseudothrips inequalis [feeds on leaves] St1968